Abstract
Channel diameter is one of the most important parameters of a
heat exchanger especially for a highly viscous fluid-flow.
Narrow channel heat exchangers are believed to have better
energy efficiency due to elevated heat transfer characteristics. Heat transfer and Fluid-flow behaviors of Automatic
Transmission Fluid ( ATF) have been experimentally
investigated in a closed loop integrated thermal wind tunnel
test facility using wavy finned Minichannel Heat Exchanger
(MICHX). The experiment was conducted by varying the ATF
Reynolds number from 3 to 30. The flow friction factors in
minichannel were evaluated. For a fully developed laminar flow
the friction factors were evaluated considering fluid viscosity
effects due to temperature variation. The flow correlated with a Poiseuille equation while friction factors were analyzed
considering constant property ratio. However, it showed
different correlation when considered variable property ratio. A numerical analysis on friction factor for single serpentine
MICHX did not follow the Poiseulle law for both cases of
constant property ratio and variable property ratio. The analysis showed significantly higher fRe values. The friction factor
demonstrated strong dependency on log mean temperature difference, Reynolds number, and capacity rate ratio as expected.
Introduction
Channel size is very important in light of heat transfer and fluid flow characterization. Heat transfer devices with narrow
channels are now the prime object of the researchers due to its
augmented heat transfer capabilities. A multiport channel with flat geometry and common manifold can ensure uniform mass
and velocity distribution even for a viscous fluid. Dehghandokht
et al [1, 2] made numerical and experimental investigation on such type of multiport double slabs serpentine heat exchanger.
They investigated glycol-water mixture varying the Reynolds Number of 850 - 2200. The authors found enhanced heat
transfer rate with such geometry. Some investigators made
their study on pressure drops and heat transfer
characterization in mini or microchannels [ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
Quaiyum et al [9] investigated mass flow and heat transfer
characteristics of ATF flowing through a slab geometry
minichannel heat exchanger. They found strong dependency of
mass flow rates on fluid viscosity. The flow rate remarkably
reduces due to viscosity when pressure drops are kept
constant. The authors established correlation among the heat and mass transfer parameters such as; heat transfer
coefficient, Nusselt number, Reynolds number, effectiveness,
and viscosity effect on fluid flow. Many authors made their investigations on examining friction factors and viscous effect
due to temperature variations [ 3, 10, 11 , 12, 13]. Koo et al [ 14]
made dimensional analysis using water, methanol, and
isopropanol to investigate effects of viscous dissipation on
friction factor and temperature changes in the flow. For a
micro-conduit they demonstrated that viscous dissipation made good correlation with Reynolds number, Eckert number, Prandtl
number, conduit hydraulic diameter, and the channel aspect
ratio. Khan, M.G. [ 15] made an intensive investigation on Heat
Transfer, Pressure Drop, and friction factor characteristics. The
author used Water and Glycol-Water Mixture in Multi-Port
Serpentine Microchannel Slab Heat Exchangers and found strong correlation with Reynolds number. Wang et al [16]
studied highly viscous fluid; water and lubricant flowing in
minichannels to establish frictional characteristics. They found negligible influence of viscosity on friction factors for a
hydraulic diameter greater than1.0 mm. Rudnick [17] while
examining physical and chemical properties of ATF, the author
assessed that at different temperatures the Viscosity Index Improver (VII) helps significantly in stabilizing properties of the
viscous fluids. The VII is the long-chain polymers that get extended at higher tempe
SAE_2014-01-1181_Heat and Mass Flow Characterization of Highly Viscous Fluid in Narrow-Channel Heat Exchanger
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