Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of a system level model that includes
torsional models of a Cummins diesel engine and an Allison
transmission to study and improve system NVH behavior. The study
is a case where the two suppliers of key powertrain components, Cummins Inc. and Allison Transmission Inc., have collaborated to
solve an observed NVH problem for a vehicle customer. A common
commercial tool, Siemens' AMESim, was used to develop the drivetrain torsional system model. This paper describes a method of
modelling and calibration of baseline engine and transmission models
to identify the source of vibration. Natural frequencies, modal shapes, and forced response were calculated for each vehicle drive gear ratio
to study the torsional vibration. Several parametric studies such as
damping, inertia, and stiffness were carried out to understand their impact on torsional vibration of the system. The best solution was
then selected based on the system study and implemented in the
vehicle for validation.
Finally, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the successful use of
an analysis led design approach by collaborating suppliers (Cummins and Allison) to identify drivetrain NVH problems and options for
solutions. Such an approach can be used in early phases of vehicle
integration to achieve optimized drivetrain system design, to the benefit of the end customer and the component suppliers.
Introduction
Vehicle drivability and smoothness of operation has quickly become a key customer requirement of the automotive industry [ 1]. This
presents engine and transmission integration challenges to vertically integrated suppliers, as well as to component suppliers. Non-optimal configurations can result in torsional vibration issues that are not only
a significant source of noise and harsh drive quality, but can, in some
cases, also damage the drivetrain. Optimal drivetrain design for reduced Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) is very challenging,
particularly since the different components making up the drivetrain
(engine, transmission, axle, etc.) usually come from multiple suppliers performing their design functions independently. Solving drivetrain NVH problems requires a system level model to
characterize and eliminate incompatibilities.
Fuel efficiency and emission regulations have been the major driving
forces behind large engine development in recent decades. Engine
downsizing is one of the techniques utilized to improve fuel economy
and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. While 4-cylinder engines are lighter, and can provide higher fuel efficiency than 6-cylinder
engines, the system's Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)
behavior is significantly impacted by the shifted engine firing order and the lighter flywheel. Drivetrain torsional vibrations are due to
combustion and inertia forces of the engine rotating components [ 2].
In automatic transmission applications, transmission lock-up clutch
dampers are usually installed to isolate the powertrain from engine
firing pulses. To avoid damper mode resonance, transmission lock-up
must be applied above the damper mode resonant speed range [ 3, 4,
and 5]. A lock-up clutch damper resonance map, Figure 1, depicts the
relationship between damper resonance and engine firing frequency over the engine operating speed range. For reference, a 4-cylinder engine produces 2nd order excitation while a 6-cylinder engine
produces 3rd order excitation. In 4-cylinder applications, the damper
mode resonance will be induced within the engine operating speed range, potentially increasing the overall vibration level.
Figure 1. Campbell diagram of typical drivetrainAnalytical Evaluation of Integrated Drivetrain NVH
Phenomena2015-01-2781
Published 09/29/2015
Rohit Saha, Yonghong Liu, Mahesh Madurai Kumar, Bill Kendrick, and Long-Kung Hwang
Cummins Inc.
Liyun Lucas and Dinh Ngo
Allison Transmission Inc.
CITATION: Saha, R., Liu, Y ., Madurai Kumar, M., Kendrick, B. et
SAE_2015-01-2781_Analytical Evaluation of Integrated Drivetrain NVH Phenomena
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