ICS 65.020.01 B 40 备案号： 湖 DB42 北 省 地 方 标 准 DB42/T 1288—2017 板栗林下种草养羊技术规程 Technical regulations for planting grass and grazing goat under chestnut （报批稿） 2017-10-20 发布 2017-11-20 实施 湖北省质量技术监督局 发 布 DB42/T 1288—2017 目 次 前言 ························································································································III 1 范围 ·······················································································································1 2 规范性引用文件 ········································································································1 3 术语和定义 ··············································································································1 4 板栗林选择及预处理 ··································································································2 5 牧草种植及管理 ········································································································2 5.1 整地和施肥 ·····································································································2 5.2 草种选择 ········································································································2 5.3 播种 ··············································································································2 5.4 草地管理 ········································································································2 6 草地利用与更新 ········································································································2 6.1 刈割 ··············································································································2 6.2 放牧 ··············································································································3 6.3 载畜量 ···········································································································3 6.4 草地保护和更新 ·······························································································3 7 养羊技术要点 ···········································································································3 7.1 总体要求 ········································································································3 7.2 各类羊的饲养管理要点 ······················································································3 7.3 放牧管理 ········································································································3 I DB42/T 1288—2017 II DB42/T 1288—2017 前 言 本标准按GB/T 1.1-2009《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准的结构和编写》给出的规则起草。 本标准由湖北省农业科学院提出。 本标准由湖北省农业科学院归口管理。 本标准主要起草单位：湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所、湖北省畜牧技术推广总站、罗田县锦绣 林牧专业合作社。 本标准主要起草人：李晓锋、陈明新、蔡传鹏、刘锦绣、张鹤山、李德学、陶虎、刘洋、索效军、 熊琪、黄京书、肖振兴、金本华、谭晓军、张年、杨前平、田宏、熊军波、程妮、蔡化。 III DB42/T 1288—2017 板栗林下种草养羊技术规程 1 范围 本标准规定了板栗林下种草养羊的板栗林选择及预处理、牧草种植及管理、草地利用与更新及养羊 技术要点。 本标准适用于湖北省大别山区板栗林下种草养羊。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。 凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。 NY/T 635 天然草地合理载畜量的计算 NY/T 816 肉羊饲养标准 NY/T 1176 休牧和禁牧技术规程 NY/T 1343 草原划区轮牧技术规程 DB42/T 653 湖北省肉用山羊标准化生产技术规程 3 术语和定义 NY/T 1343-2007、NY/T 635-2015、NY/T 1176-2006 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。为 便于使用，以下重复列出了 NY/T 1343-2007、NY/T 635-2015、NY/T 1176-2006 中的某些术语和定义。 3.1 坡度 slope 是地表单元陡缓的程度，常用百分比或度数表示。本文件用度数表示，计算方法为α (坡度)=arc tan (高程差/水平距离)。在国际分类法中，0°～0.5°为平原，>0.5°～2°为微斜坡，>2°～5°为缓斜 坡，>5°～15°为斜坡，>15°～35°为陡坡，>35°～55°为峭坡，>55°～90°为垂直壁。 3.2 郁闭度 canopy closure 指森林中乔木树冠遮蔽地面的程度，以树冠垂直投影面积与林地地表面积之比表示。郁闭度在0.7 以上（含0.7）为密林，0.2～0.7为中度郁闭，0.2以下（不含0.2）为疏林。 3.3 放牧强度 grazing intensity 指单位草地面积在一定时间内放牧家畜的头数。合适的放牧强度下，牲畜能正常生长和生产，草地 牧草能正常生长和持久利用。 3.4 划区轮牧 rotational grazing 草畜平衡前提下，有计划的将季节放牧草原分成若干个轮牧小区，按照一定的顺序逐区放牧采食、 轮回利用的放牧制度。 [NY/T 1343-2007，定义3.1] 3.5 合理载畜量 proper carrying capacity 在一定的草地面积和一定的利用时间内，在适度放牧(或割草)利用并维持草地可持续生产的条件下， 满足承养家畜正常生长、繁殖、生产畜产品的需要，所能承养的家畜头数和时间。合理载畜量又称理论 载畜量，可以用家畜单位、时间单位和草地面积单位三种方式表示。 [NY/T 635-2015，定义3.7] 1 DB42/T 1288—2017 3.6 羊单位 sheep unit 1只体重45 kg、日消耗1.8 kg标准干草的成年绵羊，或与此相当的其他家畜为1个标准羊单位，简称 羊单位。 [NY/T 635-2015，定义3.6] 3.7 休牧 grazing land resting 指短期禁止放牧利用。是一种在一年内一定期间对草地施行禁止放牧利用的措施。 [NY/T 1176-2006，定义2.1] 3.8 禁牧 grazing prohibition 指长期禁止放牧利用。是一种对草地施行一年以上禁止放牧利用的措施。 [NY/T 1176-2006，定义2.2] 4 板栗林选择及预处理 根据地形、坡度、郁闭度等实际情况，进行板栗林的选择和预处理。坡度35°以上的林地，不宜开 垦种草；15°至35°的林地，可沿等高线开垦出几条略平的地带，不宜开垦成相连的梯田；15°以下的 林地，根据实际情况局部处理即可。可结合板栗园管理和郁闭度，进行局部间伐，密度建议为(450～900) 2 株/hm ，形成“斑块式”或“条带式”平整地块。 5 牧草种植及管理 5.1 整地和施肥 2 整地前清除地段上灌木、杂草、小石块等杂物，结合翻耕施足底肥。施粪肥的，施量30 000 kg/hm ； 2 2 2 粪肥不充足的，施粪肥7 500 kg/hm 、磷肥450 kg/hm 、氮肥150 kg/hm 。推荐测土配方施肥。 5.2 草种选择 应选择耐荫性较强的多年生牧草品种，如白三叶、鸭茅、苇状羊茅等。宜采用豆科和禾本科组合的 多草种混播。 5.3 播种 5.3